A Very Indian Poem in English Essay

Nissim Ezekiel is one of those Indian artists writing in English who makes a valid kind of India, by his utilization of Indian English †Pidgin English on Bazar English, as it is frequently called. In this sonnet, the Indian flavor has been made by focusing on the different mix-ups which Indians submit in their utilization of English, by acquiring the expectations and goals of free India, and furthermore the perspectives of her two threatening neighbors, China and Pakistan. Beautiful Inspiration for the Poem: Everything began as a remark by a companion who said that you write in English no uncertainty and you compose English well yet you don’t appear to try and know or understand that a huge number of Indians talk what must be called Indian English, So from that time in the entirety of his train ventures from Mithibai College back home, he began to check out the manner in which English was being spoken on the train. Each time he heard a conspicuous Indian English expression like, â€Å"I’m not knowing only.† he would bring it down. At the point when he had around a thousand of these, he thought of making this current sonnet. The Indian Living Conditions: Ezekiel presents that the new age is following ‘fashion and outside things.’ He presents the regular Indian make †up. The Indian everyday environments are tried to be depicted. The India of yester years is no longer to be seen here, as modernization and industrialization have speeded up the procedure of progress. The unfortunate thing in the advanced world is the demonstration of viciousness and hostile to †social propensities ending up being a danger. Still the positive viewpoints like recovery, compensation and contraception could be thought of as an exit from the current obfuscate. One can surely seek after the better and spread the best that is thought as special. Antiquated Indian Wisdom: In the subsequent refrain, the perusers get a peep into things †Indians as Gandhi’s beneficiary, he would choose harmony and non †savagery. He is astounded why others are not following Gandhi’s exhortation †while in this gauge, the antiquated Indian insight is right, contrastively the cutting edge age takes it to whatever is western and stylish †like different Indians, he also needs to improve his English language. The understudy intrigue and trivial tumults cause him to feel nauseating line Antony’s bid to the Roman horde, he will call upon the kindred residents to think about the past bosses. In this way in the third verse, he articulates, In request to escape from that which is sickening, he needs to have a cup of wine which is excellent for assimilation. It tends to be taken as proportionate toward the western wine if just somewhat salt is added to make it a flawless beverage. The writer admits that he is the all out teetotaler from drinks while it is taken by addicts to gunch themselves, he as far as it matters for him would go to straightforward beverages like lassi. In this manner, the writer attempts to get the old Gandhian days. The World Situation Today: In the fourth verse, the artist can verbally process and offer his remarks on the world circumstance today. The current conditions everywhere throughout the world discuss an awful pattern that give an edge to the creation of perilous weapons and attempt to be better than others. The nations of the world frequently attach with one another in keeping themselves in front of others in this distraught serious world. This backtrack frequently prompts clashes bringing about loss of valuable human lives. On the off chance that just one considers the different as the sibling; the pattern could be changed. Solidarity in Diversity: India is where the guideline of ‘unity in Diversity’ is drilled. Here numerous networks live respectively despite the fact that there are a few issues. This perfect circumstance wherein one Co-exists with the other is portrayed as Ram Rajya by the artist. He gives the hand of neighborliness to the guest and anticipates that him should come back once more. The writer is hopeful when he says that he appreciates each snapshot of good organization. In this way, he closes the sonnet by saying that he doesn't feel the need of commending services. Regular Mistakes ‘highlighted’ in the Poem: Substrate effect on language is very normal. It is frequently disliked as â€Å"wrong†, however in the end turns into a customary piece of the new dialect variation. â€Å"The Patriot† contains various Indian English models: the reduplication of action words in â€Å"fighting fighting†, the absence of inconclusive and distinct articles in â€Å"threw stone at Indirabehn† and â€Å"all individuals of world†, the utilization of one rather than the uncertain article an in â€Å"one glass lassi†, the over the top utilization of the unmistakable article the in â€Å"not that I am ever tasting the wine†, the unnecessary utilization of the nonstop tense (the - ing structure) in â€Å"I am representing harmony and non-violence†, the oversight of a compulsory item pronoun in â€Å"modern age is neglecting† (rather than â€Å"neglecting this†) and so forth. Once more, this is an ironical sonnet as opposed to a veritable case of Indian English, yet the marvels exemplified are sufficiently authentic. End: Nissim Ezekiel involves an exceptional situation among Indo-Anglian writers of post-Independence time. Nissim restricted the vision and sentimentalism of the prior gathering of Indian scholars in English, and attempted to take a gander at any run of the mill Indian circumstance with an Indian mentality, with a novel and dynamic Indian understanding. He astutely controlled Indian English to draw out the Indian perspective. In this way Ezekiel utilizes ‘Indian English,’ or ‘Babu Angrezi’ in his verse to portray the qualities of Indian demeanor. He utilized incongruity as a weapon to portray the trademark highlights of Indian demeanor.

FAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FAP - Essay Example Scholastics favor the net present worth (NPV) strategy since it has hypothetical legitimacy; bookkeeping directors will in general utilize the interior pace of return (IRR) technique (Lefley and Ryan, 2005). Studies and contextual investigations have been directed to pinpoint managers’ sentiments on the hypothetical versus the commonsense utilizations of capital planning (at times named capital speculation examination). Despite the fact that extensive research has been attempted, no distinct ends have been attracted regarding why chiefs dismiss academics’ suggestions on sound hypothetical models (Lefley and Ryan, 2005). The more advanced hypothetical models have been concentrated in relationship to improved firm execution (Pike, 1989), with uncertain outcomes. The NPV technique has a few weaknesses; the worth included can be estimated for most venture choices. Different models, for example, restitution and bookkeeping pace of return are additionally valuable in examination, and directors keep on utilizing their natural judgment and increasingly essential money related models. Improved effectiveness in venture choice ought to sensibly prompt improved in general execution. Little and Chen (1997) propose that consolidating a vital and a monetary methodology brings about more noteworthy undertaking determination effectiveness and higher achievement rates. Lefley and Ryan (2005) that this thought above and beyond and remark that there are three primary contemplations in any speculation choice: financial, vital, and venture explicit hazard. By consolidating these three components in a single model, the effect of venture choices can be all the more precisely pinpointed. As expressed before, scientists and investigators have discovered that administrators use a blend of hazard appraisal models and budgetary examinations for useful venture assessments, and lean toward not to depend on any one model, regardless of its hypothetical adequacy (Lefley and Ryan, 2005). One peril of picking a solitary model could emerge when subordinate administrators amplify benefits and limit expenses and dangers when they put

Blog Archive Mission Admission The Myth of the Second Round

Blog Archive Mission Admission The Myth of the Second Round Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. Occasionally, a candidate will call us and ask, “Shouldnt I apply in the second round, because all of the best and most prepared applicants apply in the first round?” The answer to this question, in short, is “no!” All things being equal, candidates should apply earlyno places have been given away in the class, and the admissions committees  are “fresh” (and are thus reading applications more attentively). Even if the first round included better candidates, the schools would not limit themselves to an absolute number of places offered, but would instead  accept more great candidates or possibly defer strong candidates about whom they are undecided until the second round, via the waitlist. So, you should try to apply early, yet take care to apply only when you can be at your best. As we have discussed in other posts, quality should be the main determinant in your decision to apply in the first or second round, with timing factoring in only as a tie breaker. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission The Myth of the Second Round Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. Occasionally, a candidate will call us and ask, “Shouldnt I apply in the second round, because all of the best and most prepared applicants apply in the first round?” The answer to this question, in short, is “no!” All things being equal, candidates should apply earlyâ€"no places have been given away in the class, and the admissions committees  are still “fresh” (and thus are reading applications more attentively). Even if the first round included better candidates, the schools would not limit themselves to an absolute number of places offered, but would instead  accept more of these great candidates or possibly defer strong candidates about whom they are undecided until the second round, via the waitlist. So, you should try to apply early, yet take care to apply only when you can be at your best. As we have discussed in other posts, quality should be the main determinant in your decision to apply in the first or second round, with timing factoring in only as a tie breake r. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart

Poe Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis began with Sigmund Freud, also known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. (McLeod) Freud broke his theory into 3 different levels, Id, Ego, and Superego. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† focused deep into these levels of psychoanalysis specifically the superego and the id. Freud explained that our superego is our conscience or the voice inside our heads telling us individuals how to act or respond to events happening in the moment. Freud once said â€Å"The superego focuses on how we ought to behave. It strives for perfection, judging actions and producing†¦show more content†¦To begin the story it is assumed that Montresor lives in this house by himself meaning that there is no one to teach him right from wrong. Though he had felt guilty about what he had done it w asn’t until the end of his life, the guilt took over him and his superego told someone. â€Å"Without questioning the interpretation of Montresor’s narration as taking place at his deathbed.† (Baraban 48) He also never told the person what happened to make him kill Fortunato. Montresor said at the end of the story, †For the half of a century no mortal has disturbed them.† (Poe 144) So we know that he has been holding this confession in for half a century or fifty years. â€Å"Freud explains the id theory as the impulsive part of our human psyche which responds directly and immediately to the instincts,† (McLeod) It is one of our main sources for our aggression and desires. Id is mainly in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. It drives Montresor to lead one of his own friends down into the catacombs under his home. As Montresor is telling the story you can tell he felt pleasured by bricking his friend in slowly. Montresor really didn’ t care about the how he murdered his friend even though he did give Fortunato several â€Å"tries† to go back up stairs. However, Montresor also kept luring Fortunato down to the catacombs offering amontillado. Freud explains his ego theory as a â€Å"reality principle.† It seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will endShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1015 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Insane in the Membrane† Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most acclaimed short story writers of all time and is considered the father of the psychological thriller. He has achieved ever-lasting fame for his work in various fields of literature, from prose to verse. However, it is his Gothic narrative, in the short story realm he is greatest known for and is regarded as one of the foremost masters of horror that the United States has ever fashioned. The crucial component to these horror stories isRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Tell Tale Heart Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypical â€Å"mean girl’ in life. But are you a mean girl only because you are insecure about yourself, or do you genuinely have nothing better to offer society than cruel comments on people’s appearance. Very much like a â€Å"mean girl† in Edgar Allan Poe’s Tell Tale Heart, it is a thrilling mystery with murder. The story is basically about a man who is a server to an old man who has an odd looki ng eye. It is not the old man’s fault for his appearance, nor should the old man deserve the cruel thought, thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1291 Words   |  6 Pagessecrets hidden in the story line that does it? Individually when each of you close your eyes and visualise a book that has been flicked by hundreds and has been adored what comes to mind? The famous Edgar Allan Poe stands out in the history of gothic texts, especially his novel the â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart†. However there is a numerous amount of contemporary texts based off this genre including Tim Burton’s â€Å" Vincent†. In this presentation I hope to engage you in the history of the gothic genre. GothicRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesbelong to Mr. Poe. You see, Edgar Allan Poe is still one of the greatest masters of enticing emotion into readers. Whether it is psychological fear in short stories like Bernice and The Pit and the Pendulum or poetry about death, sadness, and love. But, Poe really does raise the bar when it comes to mystery in his poetry. From houses suddenly combusting in The Fall of the House of Usher and uncanny deliriums in The Tell-Tale Heart, mysteries of all kinds encompass Poe s works. Poe has mastered theRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart957 Words   |  4 Pageswhether madness is or is not the loftiness of intelligence,† (Edgar Allan Poe). Edgar Allan Poe is a well known and beloved writer of the horrid and meticulous. Through emphasis on his personal life and personal insanity, we get a glimpse inside the world that might be our own minds as well as stories that teach us life lessons as well as make our blood curdle and ponder over the deep emotions of Poe’s life. Stories such as the Tell-Tale Heart teach us of these life lessons. In this story the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s A Tell Tale Heart1289 Words   |  6 PagesInside the Heart There are many well-known poets, but not many are as unique as Edgar Allan Poe. By the age of 13, Poe had become a creative poet (Biographies). Many of Poe s works were horrific fictional stories. His first book was published in Boston in 1827, called Tamerlane and other Poems. More of Poe s major works include Tales of the Grotesque a d Arabesque, which included his most spine tingling tales such as Ligeia and The Fall of the House of Usher. Most of Poe s works haveRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe ´s The Tell-Tale Heart605 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart†, written in 1843, is a simultaneous horror and mental story presented in a first- person perspective, in which Edgar Allan Poe, the author, portrays that the significant influence of inner guilty and fear on narrator’s insane. The author achieves this in the means of figurative languages, symbolism and the plot of the story. Through the whole story, there is no doubt that guilty plays a tremendously crucial role. It is obvious that symbolism is used for many times. To beginRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart857 Words   |  4 Pagesfear what they can t control. Author, Edgar Allan Poe wrote short stories that evoked emotions of fear of the unknown in a way that speaks to the reader. Some of Poe s stories were not well accepted in his day because people were just not ready for them- they were scary. Poe s works The Tell-Tale Heart, The Premature Burial and The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar evoke emotions of fear of the unknown for the reader Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell-Tale Heart, is a short story that illustrates theRead MoreWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. Edgar Allan Poe is worth examining as an author because his many contributions to the literaryRead MoreThe Final Days of Edgar Allan Poe by Roger Francis 1732 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the nineteenth-century. Poe’s short stories posses the recurring themes of death, murder and his narrators often show signs of mental instability, like the old man in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and Montressor in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Since tragedy was prominent throughout Poe’s life, his wor k reflects the darkness ingrained by continuously being faced with adversity. Poe’s mental stability also comes into question when

Creating horror in the Lottery - 979 Words

Creating Horror Authors use a number of different tones, settings, themes, characterizations, and points of view in order to create a fictional world inside the readers head. We see these tools used in contrasting ways in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. The distinctive techniques used in these short stories leave you feeling uneasy once you finish them. Using different methods, both authors create a story of horror for their readers. The tones of these stories vary quite a bit. The first sentence of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† reads â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (226). Poe sets a powerful tone of revenge†¦show more content†¦Tessie’s fate is foreshadowed in the beginning of the story when Mr. Summers says â€Å"Thought we were going to have to get on without you† (134). Although many of the aspects that make up these short stories are different, both â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Lottery† make the reader think of the morals of the characters. If we were to observe the world throughout history and look into the varied cultures, behaviors, traditions, and rules we would be able to see the effects that those things had on their morals during those time periods. The characters in â€Å"The Lottery† have lost all sense of morality because of the rituals that they are performing blindly, in order to keep tradition. This is probably the most horrific part of the story because no reader can understand the mindset of these characters that leads to them participating in this unethical tradition. Poe writes of the immortal acts that Montresor commits with ease and satisfaction, leaving the reader cringing. In present day we think of immortality as cheating and lying, the thought of murdering someone for insulting you or ston ing someone to death because of tradition would never be considered. It’s horrifying to think that if we lived in a different time and age these things might not be immoral to us. The effective tone, setting, and narrative choice chosen by Poe and Jackson are what leave the reader on edge at the end of both of theseShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery Theme Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIn both The Lottery, and The Possibility of Evil there is a very evident theme that is horror lies in the most everyday settings and situations. This is shown in The Lottery by the â€Å"lottery† being considered an everyday normal aspect of life.We know that the â€Å"lottery† is the act of a name being drawn from a box, and the person who is drawn is going to be stoned to death, with frankly no reason at all. Also in The Lottery, no one is emotionally phased to the cruelty shown in the town, and throughoutRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery954 Words   |  4 Pagesthat enhance the overall transmission of the authors message. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays a masterful usage of literary elements to better convey Jackson’s general purpose, such as through the deep symbolism and underlying theme; however, Jackson’s true provocation of emotion is accomplished through her quintessential use of point of view. The objective point of view is indispensable within â€Å"The Lottery† because of the creation of suspense, drama, and irony. To begin with, the first reasonRead MoreThe Horror of The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1375 Words   |  6 Pagesvillagers took part in the traditional lottery drawing and one villager was picked for the prize – a stoning. In 1948, Shirley Jackson published this short story known as â€Å"The Lottery,† in The New York Times. The story’s plot shocked readers all over America as they learned of the horror happening in such a quaint town. Jackson purposely set this tragic event in this innocent setting to emphasize humanity’s cruelty. Using her appalling short story, The Lottery, Shirley Jackson alarms readers with theRead MoreThe Lottery Literary Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pagesday; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (Jackson). In this first sentence of the The Lottery Shirley Jackson establishes a pleasant illusion, creating a sense of serenity. Jackson proceeds to mention that children begin to gather in the vill age, frolicing and conversing about school. The initial scene and satirically labeled title, The Lottery, provide a somewhat satisfying first impression to the reader. The introductory scene is eminent to intentionally implementRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1355 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lottery Essay Andrew Lansley once said â€Å"Peer pressure and social norms are powerful influences on behavior, and they are classic excuses.† Most people tend to follow cultural customs because they have grown with them or it has been forced onto them with factors such as parents or their environment. However, is it always right to follow these customs even if they are in fact considered wrong? Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story about the cultural norms of a small community and itsRead MoreThe Fall House Of Usher And The Lottery By Shirley Jackson913 Words   |  4 PagesUsher and Shirley Jackson’s The lottery, both writers were meticulously keen on using setting as a driving force behind the narrative and also set the tone for the theme. Whilst both stories ended with tragedy of the protagonist, both writers chose different moods to ease the reader into the atmosphere of the stories. In Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher, Poe in his usual writing style did not beat about the bush before shoving the reader right into a world of horror with the first sentence of theRead MoreAn Analysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find1360 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jackson The Lottery Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery depicts life in a provincial American town with rigid social norms. Mr. Summers symbolizes everything that is wrong with the town; he represents blind adherence to ritual, social rigidity, and resistance to change. His name corresponds with the seasonal setting of The Lottery, too, drawing attention to the importance of his character in shaping the theme of the story. Summers is in charge of the central motif of the storyRead MoreIrony In The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe lottery was authored by a renowned and most celebrated literature icon among his peers during his time and beyond; one Shirley Jackson, and the text would be first published in 1948 the 26 of June (Jackson 110). The storyline is told following a literal trajectory of a cultural performance in a remote setting, known as the lottery. The author of this text describes a chain of themes in his work, and they include; tradition and customs, society and c lass, as well as family setups and hypocrisyRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreSince the beginning of time, morality has been a central component of human society. We strive to1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmorally as possible. But imagine a dystopian society in which the basic morals we consider necessary did not exist, and with the most fundamentally basic human rights standards vanished. The two short stories Harrison Bergeron by Kur t Vonnegut and The Lottery by Shirley Jackson exemplify two societies with completely different moral codes. The compelling short story Harrison Bergeron, by Kurt Vonnegut, is set in a future dystopian society. The plot follows an â€Å"average family† in the year 2081 after the

Effective Leadership Practices Steve Jobs - 1433 Words

Effective Leadership Practices: Steve Jobs Despite his reputation as one of the most innovative and successful leaders in the modern business world, the particular methods of Steve Jobs remained largely unknown until recent years. The picture that has since emerged of his leadership style is one of an innovative leader, who expected the highest quality possibly from his subordinates, and who often pushed people to their limits in order to achieve the creative genius that has come to represent Apple. This paper will look at the specific leadership characteristics that he possessed and the ways in which he molded Apple into the company that it is today. Also, seeking to particularly emphasize the leadership traits that set Jobs apart†¦show more content†¦But it’s worth it in the end because once you get there, you can move mountains† (para. 3). Despite this notoriously simple view of life and dedication to a focused mindset, Lashinsky (2011) claims that Jobs was also known as a forceful leader who over saw nearly every aspect of the happenings at Apple. Lashinsky (2011) states that those who were close to Jobs claimed that he acknowledged that he held the power at Apple, but that he claimed he was not the only one who could, likely in reference to the losing battle he fought with cancer before his death in 2011. Jobs is quoted as saying, â€Å"Single-cell organisms aren’t interesting, Apple is a complex, multicellular organism† (Lashinsky, 2011, para. 29). This points out that while he believed in a strong head of company, he did not believe he always had to be that head for Apple to succeed. Jobs’ Methods of Modeling Leadership Hom (2013) claims that Job’s leadership style featured tenacity and the ability to evolve to changing circumstances, listing Job’s success with Pixar’s first movie, Toy Story, as an example. Hom (2013) states that in order to encourage Pixar’s workers to create a quality product, Jobs was critical and even abrasive. At the same time, Jobs acknowledged that success would only come from the strength of the people working on the project and their ability to work as a team, which would later also be seen in his management of Apple. Pixar’s co-founder, Edwin Catmull, said of Jobs,

Njoyable Workouts Essay Example For Students

Njoyable Workouts Essay Nicole SharacHealth Fitness2-10-00Enjoyable Fitness WorkoutsIn a recent article found in Womens Sports Fitness, there was alengthy display of outdoor and indoor fitness exercises nation wide that wereactually enjoyable. The first of these energizing activities is called Bikram Yoga. Bikram Yoga uses the technique of heat to maximize its effects. Taking place ina 107-degree studio the participants work on their yoga postures (the tree toname one), along with trying out many types of tension-relieving stretches toenhance flexibility. Such strong levels of heat are used because the hotter oneis, the more pliable their muscles will become.Another type of excerciseincluded is called the Denver winter Sports Conditioning. This includes theparticipants wearing/carrying weights and bands as they make their ways up themountain.This technique is good for those who enjoy the act of mountainclimbing and to improve their strength and mobility for future more difficultclimbs. In Chicago there is the Athletic Total Conditioning group. This is a teamtaught group that is packed with military-style drills including things like runningin small squares, throwing medicine balls and jumping over low hurdles. Theclass cultivates coordination, endurance, and strength.On the other side of thecountry there is the New York Urban Rebounding group. This class is for thosesick of the usual workout scene. This class includes doing jumping lacks, kicksand tuck jumps on the trampoline, which all do wonders for the quads, calves,and abs. Rebounding is working against gravity and helps to detox the body byflushing out the wastes. In Washington, D.C. boxing is used to not only work out the body, but tode-stress also. These 90-minute are broken down into sections. The firstsection is devoted to the basic things like throwing punches, ducking imaginaryblows, and doing some fancy footwork. Then 30-minutes on the punching bagwith a partner, and finally ab work outs on the floor.In Atlanta there is a groupcalled the Atlanta Trekkers. This group goes through an hour long treadmillclass. Its focus is on intense hill-training where the treadmills are elevated to a15 percent incline. This group is good for those interested in prepping forspringtime hiking. Finally, for a workout a little closer to home there is theBoston Kickboxing group. This high intensity hour is a great way to vent youranger as well as improve your fitness. This workout consists of jumping rope,fast sit-ups, pushups, lunges, and squats. Then it moves over to punching andkicking your partner (with the gloves on). I believe this article to be very helpful for pretty much anyone who isready and willing to find a source of exercise. There is so much variety involvedthat pretty much anybody could find a fitting workout. I think that the broadrange of intensity levels as well as the number of possible participants makesthese excursuses very easy to approach by most women, along with some men. But seeing that the mag azine the article came from was a womens magazinethan I guess the workouts are all suitable. When looking deeper into the article and the sources it listed for theactivities, I found that most all of them were pretty high in cost. There were afew inexpensive ones that you could do alone without equipment like yoga, andmountain climbing, but such activities as mountain climbing should be done witha few experienced people rather than alone or trying it out with a friend.I felt that some of the workouts were a bit more realistic and than othersand could see myself attempting to do abut three-quarters of the ones that Ihave listed. The Bikram yoga, which takes place in a sweltering 107- degreearea, seems to be a little to uncomfortable for me to adjust to on a weekly basis. The military-style training that has been offered in Chicago seems to be a little tostrenuous for me as well. I could maybe do something like this one or two timesa month but thats about it. I could see myself partic ipating in the Urban rebounding group that getsits workout by doing jumping jacks and tuck jumps on a trampoline. This seemslike a fun exercise that can lift spirits as well as attempt to help increase fitnessabilities. I also liked the idea of the 90 minute boxing classes that includes abworkouts with it. I know boxing is a stress relieving sport and the training and abworkout are good for the physical body.Another activity that I could partake inis the treadmill workout. It sounds easy to do and it also sounds like a greatworkout for your legs. And finally the mountain climbing segment is one thatgives a great feeling of inner and outer fitness. I know that I enjoy mountainclimbing for all the aspects its has to give. Along with the physical aspect, itgives one a sense of peace and accomplishment. There is something about theway you feel after hiking a mountain and being able to look down and see howfar you have come. I think that the article was a very insightful one and gave man y differenttypes of women (and men as well) alternatives to the typical workout situation ofrunning, or just being in the gym.I think that more attention should be put onhow to get more eventful ways to exercise in this country and perhaps that would lead us to a happier as well as healthier country. 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International Involvement free essay sample

Most Americans in the mid-1800s were not interested in further territorial expansion. In fact, many Americans opposed any type of imperial rule as it went against America’s political policies and threatened to bring in people of different cultures and religions; something that American already had enough of. However, several European countries were quickly expanding into Africa and Asia, threatening United States’ access to global markets. This new threat, combined with a collective belief in Darwinism, sparked American interest in global expansion. America’s international involvement between 1890 and 1905 definitely affected global politics as the United States became increasingly concerned with the affairs of smaller, less stable countries as well as gaining a more assertive global presence. This new approach toward global politics forever changed America’s once indifferent attitude. The events following the American Revolution kept the United States occupied up until the mid-1800s. The United States was largely inactive in global politics as its leaders were more concerned with building the foundations of the country rather than expanding beyond the North American borders. We will write a custom essay sample on International Involvement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country’s economy grew with industrialization and by the 1890’s the United States had half of its petroleum sales overseas (Landsberry, 2010) . The United States and its economy became very dependent on foreign trade. Almost simultaneously, European powers began seizing territory in Africa and Asia. Despite America’s indifference towards any involvement in global politics, the rising power of these European countries was concerning. Darwinism, a belief in the survival of the fittest, prompted Americans to consider further expansion to prevent being shut out of global markets that supported the American economy. Others were convinced that much of the world was uncivilized and it was the United States’ duty to spread the Anglo-Saxon civilization. Some were strictly focused on national power and insisted that the United States’ global power was dependent upon a strong navy. Yet there were still some who maintained that the United States must respect the rights of other nations (Irvin, 2007). Carl Shurz, a  well-known politician, also held this peaceful perspective. He wrote, â€Å"In its dealings with other nations (the United States) should have scrupulous (careful) regard, not only for their rights, but also for their self-respect. With all its resources for war, it should be the great peace power of the world. It (America) should seek to influence mankind, not by heavy artillery, but by good example and wise counsel. It should see its highest glory, not in battles won, but in wars prevented. It should be so invariably (always) just and fair, so trustworthy that other nations would instinctively turn to it as the great preserver of the world’s peace† (Irvin, 2007). Nonetheless, the United Sates pursued imperialism in the Spanish-American War in 1898. The Spanish-American War was a conflict that President William McKinley wanted to avoid. Anti- Spanish propaganda instigated America’s interest in the war and pressure from the Democratic Party and several industrialists finally persuaded the president to engage in what eventually lead to the fall of the Spanish Empire. The war originally began as an American intervention of the Cuban War of Independence however tensions escalated quickly after the American battleship Maine mysteriously sank in the Havana harbor (Brinkley, 2012). The Treaty of Paris ended the war and gave the United States control of the Philippine islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico (Brinkley, 2012). The United States has already shifted the balance of power in their first confrontation beyond North American borders. Now in control of outside territories, the United States was faced with the responsibility of maintaining its new colonies. This proved to be very difficult in the Philippines, where rebellious groups of guerilla warriors waged war on American soldiers. The Philippine War went on for four years and caused thousands of causalities, both native and American alike. The rebels maintained that they had valid leader who would lead a stable government and they did not need help from Spain or the United States. The war ended in 1902 when the United States finally agreed to assist in the Philippines independence from colonial rule (Brinkley, 2012). â€Å"America did not attempt to expand its territories after the Philippine War as imperialism did not proved to be more dangerous than it was lucrative†Ã‚  (Landsberry, 2010) . Instead, its leaders decided to expand the country’s power and by increasing its influence over foreign nations. President Roosevelt was very interested in international involvement. His affairs became known as the ‘Big Stick Policy’ (Irvin, 2007). The name came from his famous quote â€Å"I have always been fond of the West African proverb: ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far† (Irvin, 2007). This attitude was one of quiet assertiveness. President Roosevelt, like Carl Shurz, believed that it was the United States’ duty to set a good example for the rest of the world. He took it a step further by insisting that Americans intervene in the affairs of other countries that were too weak or unstable to protect themselves. He focused on countries located on the Western Hemisphere in accordance with the Monroe Doctrine; a document forged by President Monroe that assured the European countries of the United States’ dominance over the Western Hemisphere. President Roosevelt’s promise to protect weaker nations is known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (Irvin, 2007) . Although the United States may have not been entirely successful at imperialism, it did make its mark on global politics. It disabled the Spanish Empire and changed the American reputation from indifferent and isolated to assertive and strong. President Roosevelt reiterated the Monroe Doctrine, making the world aware of the United States’ presence in foreign affairs. In the short time from 1890 to 1905, the United States of America transformed its identity in preparation for the war ahead.

Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote Study Guide

Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote Study Guide Written by experimental author Jorge Luis Borges, Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote does not follow the format of a traditional short story. While a standard 20th-century short story describes a conflict that builds steadily towards a crisis, climax, and resolution, Borgess story imitates (and often parodies) an academic or scholarly essay. The title character of Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote is a poet and literary critic from France-and is also, unlike a more traditional title character, dead by the time the story begins. The narrator of Borgess text is one of Menards friends and admirers. In part, this narrator is moved to write his eulogy because misleading accounts of the newly-deceased Menard have begun to circulate: Already Error is attempting to tarnish his bright Memory†¦ Most decidedly, a brief rectification is imperative (88). Borgess narrator begins his rectification by listing all of the visible lifework of Pierre Menard, in proper chronological order (90). The twenty or so items on the narrators list include translations, collections of sonnets, essays on intricate literary topics, and finally a handwritten list of lines of poetry that owe their excellence to punctuation (89-90). This overview of Menards career is the preface to a discussion of Menards single most innovative piece of writing. Menard left behind an unfinished masterpiece which consists of the ninth and thirty-eighth chapters of Part I of Don Quixote and a fragment of Chapter XXII (90). With this project, Menard didnt aim to merely transcribe or copy Don Quixote, and he didnt attempt to produce a 20th-century updating of this 17th-century comic novel. Instead, Menards admirable ambition was to produce a number of pages which coincided-word for word and line for line with those of Miguel de Cervantes, the original author of the Quixote (91). Menard achieved this re-creation of the Cervantes text without really re-creating Cervantess life. Instead, he decided that the best route was continuing to be Pierre Menard and coming to the Quixote through the experiences of Pierre Menard (91). Although the two versions of the Quixote chapters are absolutely identical, the narrator prefers the Menard text. Menards version is less reliant on local color, more skeptical of historical truth, and on the whole more subtle than Cervantess (93-94). But on a more general level, Menards Don Quixote establishes and promotes revolutionary ideas about reading and writing. As the narrator notes in the final paragraph, Menard has (perhaps unwittingly) enriched the slow and rudimentary art of reading by means of a new technique the technique of deliberate anachronism and fallacious attribution (95). Following Menards example, readers can interpret canonical texts in fascinating new ways by attributing them to authors who didnt actually write them. Background and Contexts Don Quixote and World Literature: Published in two installments in the early 17th century, Don Quixote is regarded by many readers and scholars as the first modern novel. (For literary critic Harold Bloom, Cervantes’s importance to world literature is rivaled only by Shakespeare’s.) Naturally, Don Quixote would have intrigued an avant-garde Argentine author like Borges, partially because of its impact on Spanish and Latin American literature, and partially because of its playful approach to reading and writing. But there is another reason why Don Quixote is especially appropriate to â€Å"Pierre Menard†- because Don Quixote spawned unofficial imitations in its own time. The unauthorized sequel by Avellaneda is the most famous of these, and Pierre Menard himself can be understood as the latest in a line of Cervantes imitators. Experimental Writing in the 20th Century: Many of the world-famous authors who came before Borges crafted poems and novels that are built largely of quotations, imitations, and allusions to earlier writings. T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land- a long poem that uses a disorienting, fragmentary style and draws constantly on myths and legends- is one example of such reference-heavy writing. Another example is James Joyce’s Ulysses, which mixes bits of everyday speech with imitations of ancient epics, medieval poetry, and Gothic novels. This idea of an â€Å"art of appropriation† also influenced painting, sculpture, and installation art. Experimental visual artists such as Marcel Duchamp created â€Å"ready-made† artworks by taking objects from everyday life- chairs, postcards, snow shovels, bicycle wheels- and putting them together in strange new combinations. Borges situates â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote† in this growing tradition of quotation and appropriation. (In fact, the final sentence of the story refers to James Joyce by name.) But â€Å"Pierre Menard† also shows how the art of appropriation can be taken to a comical extreme and does so without exactly lighting earlier artists; after all, Eliot, Joyce, and Duchamp all created works that are meant to be humorous or absurd. Key Topics Menard’s Cultural Background: Despite his choice of Don Quixote, Menard is mainly a product of French literature and French culture- and makes no secret of his cultural sympathies. He is identified in Borges’s story as a â€Å"Symbolist from Nà ®mes, a devotee essentially of Poe- who begat Baudelaire, who begat Mallarmà ©, who begat Valà ©ry† (92). (Though born in America, Edgar Allan Poe had an enormous French following after his death.) In addition, the bibliography that starts off â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote† includes â€Å"a study of the essential metrical rules of French prose, illustrated with examples taken from Saint-Simon† (89). Oddly enough, this ingrained French background helps Menard to understand and re-create a work of Spanish literature. As Menard explains, he can easily imagine the universe â€Å"without the Quixote.† For him, â€Å"the Quixote is a contingent work; the Quixote is not necessary. I can premeditate committing it to writing, as it were- I can write it- without falling into a tautology† (92). Borges’s Descriptions: There are many aspects of Pierre Menard’s life- his physical appearance, his mannerisms, and most of the details of his childhood and domestic life- that are omitted from â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote†. This is not an artistic flaw; in fact, Borges’s narrator is fully conscious of these omissions. Given the opportunity, the narrator consciously backs away from the task of describing Menard, and explains his reasons in the following footnote: â€Å"I did, I might say, have the secondary purpose of drawing a small sketch of the figure of Pierre Menard- but how dare I compete with the gilded pages I am told the Baroness de Bacourt is even now preparing, or with the delicate sharp crayon of Carolus Hourcade?† (90). Borges’s Humor: â€Å"Pierre Menard† can be read as a send-up of literary pretensions- and as a piece of gentle self-satire on Borges’s part. As Renà © de Costa writes in Humor in Borges, â€Å"Borges creates two outlandish types: the adulating critic who worships a single author, and the worshiped author as a plagiarist, before ultimately inserting himself into the story and rounding things out with a typical self-parody.† In addition to praising Pierre Menard for questionable accomplishments, Borges’s narrator spends much of the story criticizing â€Å"Mme. Henri Bachelier,† another literary type who admires Menard. The narrator’s willingness to go after someone who is, technically, on his side- and to go after her for rather obscure reasons- is another stroke of ironic humor. As for Borges’s humorous self-criticism, de Costa notes that Borges and Menard have strangely similar writing habits. Borges himself was known among his friends for â€Å"his square-ruled notebooks, his black crossings-out, his peculiar typographical symbols, and his insect-like handwriting† (95, footnote). In the story, all of these things are attributed to the eccentric Pierre Menard. The list of Borges stories that poke gentle fun at aspects of Borges’s identity- â€Å"Tlà ¶n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius†, â€Å"Funes the Memorious†, â€Å"The Aleph†, â€Å"The Zahir†- is considerable, though Borges’s most extensive discussion of his own identity occurs in â€Å"The Other†. A Few Discussion Questions How would â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote† be different if it centered on a text other than Don Quixote? Does Don Quixote seem like the most appropriate choice for Menard’s strange project, and for Borges’s story? Should Borges have focused his satire on a totally different selection from world literature?Why did Borges use so many literary allusions in â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote†? How do you think Borges wants his readers to react to these allusions? With respect? Annoyance? Confusion?How would you characterize the narrator of Borges’s story? Do you feel that this narrator is simply a stand-in for Borges, or are Borges and the narrator very different in major ways?Are the ideas about writing and reading that appear in this story totally absurd? Or can you think of real-life reading and writing methods that recall Menard’s ideas? Note on Citations All in-text citations refer to Jorge Luis Borges, Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote, pages 88-95 in Jorge Luis Borges: Collected Fictions (Translated by Andrew Hurley. Penguin Books: 1998).

Software Development (JAVA) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Software Development (JAVA) - Coursework Example The working methods illustrate the functionalities / pusposes of the different classes. The underived class checkStock has not been dervied or linked to any child classes and therfore it has been shown seperately with its data members and method members. Class Hierarchy_Diagram The class hierarchy diagram shows the 5 classes in a hierarchical way with the super class / parent class / base class on top i.e., the class calculateCost. The child classes are shown at the bottom and they have been labelled as implementing classes with definitions of the member methods of the parent class. The super class has been labelled as an abstract class because of the absence of method definitions i.e., abstract methods. Instance_Diagram The instance diagram shows the object instances of the class calculateCost and its sub classes: box, triangular and cylindrical. It shows the super classes protected data members being accessed by the sub classes. The instance diagram depicts the flow of the object o riented program and traces the entire execution path or process flow of the application. It shows the values and the calculations as it occures in a real time execution scenario. Use Case Diagram The Use Case diagram illustrated the actors i.e., the Operator who initialises the stock of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 of boards present in the company’s reserves for designing of tubes and boxes. The processes of a customer logging in and making an order choice for a box or a tube, the grade and the other additional specifications like reinforcble bottom, sealable top, color printing etc. Calculation of Cost: The cost is calculated based on the grade of the material. The additional costs of sealable tops, reinforcble bottoms, color printing are added to the total cost as percentages The main calculation is involved in the part where the surface area is calculated using the method calculateSurfaceArea. It accepts the inputs for total units ordered (example n), the dimensions and the t ype ( board grade) from the user. For the Box it calculates the surface by employing the folowing mathematical calculation: Surface area = n X length X height For the Triangular tube the following calculation is performed Surface area = n X {(0.5 X side1 X side2) + {squareroot {(side1)2 + (side2)2}* height} +side1 X height + side2 X height For the cylindrical tube the surface area is calculated using the following mathematical formula: Surface area = n X 3.14*radius2 + (2 X 3.14 X radius * height ) Here n is the number of ordered units or the quantity Height is the height of the triangular or cylindrical tube Side 1 and side 2 are the two sides of the triangle base tube Radius is the radius of the cylindrical tube Length, breadth and height are the three sides of the box Calculation of available material (Quantity Exceeded) The total ordered surface areas of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 are compared with the initially entered quantity of board material by the order. Accordingly the output is displayed and message shown whether the ordered quantity has exceeded the stock

Entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Entrepreneur - Essay Example Not every person has the nerve and bravery of putting a large amount of their money at jeopardy. Sid was ready to go ahead with his dream of owning a business and not doing a job under someone. He was ready to invest all his savings that were kept aside for another important purpose of a family by his wife. He not only invested money that he had, but also took major loans from the bank. And entrepreneur not only invests money into the business, but runs the entire set up. Sid fits the picture well because he had an entire plan in mind for the business of a product that he created, which also received positive responses from his friends and co-workers. As the entrepreneur, he worked out the business plan that stated the business objective, an introduction to the product, his manufacturing plant details, marketing techniques, financial funding reports, legal planning and even his personnel hiring plans. Although, Sid did not have the knowledge that normally an entrepreneur would have because of his lack of professional degrees; he managed to know enough for his use by the small management course that he did. He covered up for that by following the advice of his bank consultant who guided his through the steps towards the loan. In order to pursue his dream, Sid took a big risk of starting Ladder rails. The product was totally new and could have easily failed to catch the consumer attention, but Sid did not lose hope and just like a successful entrepreneur entered the gamble. An entrepreneur needs to have passion and deep faith in his product and work, which Sid most definitely did. Even in the first two years of the business, when losses were actually being made, he did not blame anybody else and took responsibility for it. Along with that, he did not lose hope that quick and with the satisfaction from the increasing sales continued with the business. Therefore, we can say that Sid is truly the definition of an entrepreneur. Q2. Not every business endeavor tends to succeed in its mission, only certain ones with the necessary qualities cross hurdles and reach its destination. One of the basic factors is a good entrepreneur running the business. Entrepreneurs are people with different skills and qualities. There are usually four cornerstones that are crucial for entrepreneurs to possess - commitment to the opportunity, strategic leadership, organizational capabilities and persistence. For a business to succeed, the people running it should have strong faith in their plans. It is only with deep passion and commitment that a business can cross all hurdles, otherwise people tend to lose hope when there are many problems on the way. Sid's business, Ladder Rail, initially had to face many financial problems. There were not enough funds available to start up a new business from the scratch or to buy plants and machinery for production. There were also some people who discouraged Sid; and later the losses made were disheartening in itself, but it was Sid's devotion to his dream of a new business that gave him the strength to pull through. In order for a business to sustain and flourish in the future, the leadership should be strategic; that is, the leader should have a vision in the future. Current activity should be such that the long term goals are fulfilled and the business becomes much more lucrative with time. Sid was

Eualuation of National Solidarity Program

Eualuation of National Solidarity Program EUALUATION OF NATIONAL SOLIDARITY PROGRAM: PEOPLE PARTICIPATION, CHALLENGES AND SUSTAINBALITY The case of Sayed Abad District of Wardak Province Tariq Salari Table of Contents (Jump to) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Context of the study 1.2. Rationale of the study 1.3. Hypothesis: 1.4. Limitation of the Study: 1.5. Organization of the thesis: ABBREVIATIONS AF Afghani (Currency of Afghanistan) ANDS Afghanistan National Development Strategy AREU Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit AusAID Australian Agency for International Development CDCs Community Development Councils CDP Community Development Plan CRDP Comprehensive Rural Development Program CSO Central Statistics Organization DAC Development Assistance Committee DFID Department for International Development EPA Environmental Protection Agency EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FP Facilitating Partner IFAD International Fund for Agriculture GDP Gross Domestic Product HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ILO International Labour Organization IWG-PA Informal Working Group on Participatory Approaches Methods KW Kilowatt N Number NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NGO Non Governmental Organization NSP National Solidarity Program OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PDPs Provincial Development plans PIDRA Participatory Integrated Development in Rain-fed Area SAHEE Sustainability for Agriculture, Health, Education and Environment SCA Swedish Committee for Afghanistan UN United Nation UNDP United Nation Development Program UN ESCAP United Nation Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific UNESC United Nation Economic and Social Council UNRISD United Nation Research Institute for Social Development USAID United States Agency for International Development USFAA United States Foreign Assistance Act WB World Bank WCARRD World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development WECD World Commission on Environment and Development WMP Watershed Management Program 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Context of the study In the 1950s and 1960s many top-down development programs failed because of the wrong policies of the governments, donors and non-governmental organizations, which people were not involved in the design and implementation of the projects. World Bank (1994) proclaimed that top-down fashion entailed long bureaucratic process; they prefer participatory approaches because it is â€Å"learning by doing† which means people learn throughout the process. Top-down forms provide limited opportunities for participatory learning and decision-making as well. It obstructs local culture and habits (FAO, 1997). Shah (2012) stated that it is assumed that if local people were involved in the project cycle, it would be more successful. In most countries top-down policies caused the isolation of the people, increase in poverty, social and economic inequalities and deprivation. Many governments, non-governmental organizations and development agencies have acknowledged that traditional top-down approaches in many developing and developed countries failed to reach the benefits of rural people (FAO, 1991). Moreover, Binns et al. (1997) asserts that top-down strategies have failed to raise living standards of rural people; these approaches ignore rural people’s perception, needs and understanding. It is clear that without people’s participation it would be difficult for the planners to understand the socioeconomic and cultural situation, needs, problems and priorities of the rural communities. In the last few years the term of participation has become popular, especially in relation to sustainability of rural development projects (Bagherian et al, 2009). In the 1970s people’s participation recognized as a missing component of development projects which caused intensifying poverty (Karl, 2000). Participatory approach got momentum after the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (WCARRD) organized in 1997. WCARRD emphasized on the organization and active participation of rural people in the development programs (UN ESCAP, 2009). Local participation is considered as a vitally important factor for rural development projects, since rural people are the only one who knows their own problems better than anyone else. Hence, participation improves ownership, helps with rural people’s knowledge and boosts sustainability of rural development projects. In 1990, after more than four decades of providing foreign aids to developing countries, the assistin g and major donor agencies came up with the issue of benefits and activities in long term after stopping aids fund. They tried to establish local governance to manage resources and ensure long term sustainability (Bossert, 1990; Mohammad, 2010). A project can be sustained when the beneficiaries are involved in the project cycle; they will train throughout the project and would be enabled to work for their community in the future. Agriculture and livestock sector plays a vital role in the rural economy of Afghanistan. According to the World Bank (2012) rural population measured 76.14% where agriculture is the primary activity. Despite of the many challenges rural economy contributes to more than half of the country’s GDP. The three decades of war, turmoil, instability, revolution and social disruption enormously affected rural people in terms of social development and economic growth. Social institutions and economic infrastructures have been destroyed, sources of livelihoods, housing, schools and hospitals were demolished (Rahimi, 2013). After a long time, the government of Afghanistan and International Community in 2002 began some initiatives to reconstruct and stabilize the country through local communities. Zakhilwal and Thomas (2005) suggest that for longer peace and stability, rural participatory policies are needed to include those people who were often excluded from the decision-making before, especially women who have historically been victims of imbalanced development. The Transitional Government of Afghanistan in 2002 has started national programs. One of these programs was National Solidarity Program (NSP) to create, build up and maintain Community Development Councils (CDCs) as effective foundations for local governance and socioeconomic development (NSP-Web, 2014). NSP as a bottom-up program was created in 2003 to develop the ability of Afghan communities to identify, plan, manage and monitor their own development projects (NSP-Web, 2013). Development projects have a crucial role in the local development, since they improve the living standards of local people, empower local people and educate rural communities. Hence, it is important to be sustained which depends on the project selection, project design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Without active participation of local people, it is impossible to achieve this goal (sustainability), which NSP projects couldn’t meet this criterion many projects have failed to produce expected outcomes. This study examines people participation in NSP projects and it explores major obstacles of people participation and likely sustainability of two projects in Sayed Abad district of Wardak province. 1.2. Rationale of the study Since 2001 government have put the issue of local participation in the centre of their policies and much more attention has been paid to rural areas and community participation, to bring people together in order to utilize the local resources, as well as to improve the livelihood of the rural people. In the first couple of years government tried to build capacity at local level in the public sector and civil society but these efforts had light impact. Subsequently, Afghan government jointly with the International Community initiated national programs to cope with poverty, engage directly people in the reconstruction process of the country, empower local people and make them responsible for their own development (Rahimi, 2013). Mostly the process of these programs has been bottom up, which has mainly focused on minorities and underprivileged strata of the community. But it is supposed that in some regions these initiatives have not succeeded to perceive the objectives of community par ticipation and empowerment in the local projects and many times it criticized that minorities, especially women have not been involved in these efforts, and still people are suffering from the elite and power-holders interference in the rural development projects. This study attempts to answer the empirical questions which often asked that whether in the NSP program people meaningfully participated and whether people’s participation incorporated with sustainability of the projects. With this background and empirical questions, the entire study was designed to meet the following objectives: To identify the level of involvement of local people in the National Solidarity Program (NSP) projects in the study area. To explore the barriers and factors that affect community participation in National Solidarity Program (NSP) projects in Sayed Abad district. To examine the sustainability of the NSP projects in the study area. To make recommendations based on the findings of this study. 1.3. Hypothesis In Sayed Abad district of Wardak province, elite power holders, socio-cultural situation and personal relationship caused isolation of minorities, especially in case of participation of women in the National Solidarity Program. Threatened security conditions, lack of substantial information and conflicts among tribes are the biggest challenges for community participation in the National Solidarity Program in Sayed Abad district. Meaningfully Participation of people in National Solidarity program likely lead to sustainability of projects in Sayed Abad district. 1.4. Limitation of the Study The limitations are mainly related to the availability of information and time, difficulties of collecting primary data in rural area of Afghanistan. It is not an easy task because of the threatened security conditions and a high illiteracy rate of the citizens. Some of the limitations are listed below: Lack of time and financial limitation. Security problems in Wardak province. Unwillingness of the respondents to give information due to security problems. Bureaucratic policy in the Ministry of Rehabilitation and Rural Development. Lack of secondary data due to absence of database in the provincial office of NSP. Absence of the officials and members of Community Development Councils (CDCs). 1.5. Organization of the thesis The entire thesis has been organized in five chapters. The first chapter highlights the context of the study, objectives, hypothesis and limitation of the study. Chapter two includes an extended literature review about the history of participation, definition of participation and sustainability, typology of participation, factors influencing participation and sustainability, relationship between participation and sustainability of the projects, social exclusion and inclusion and a short description of NSP. Principle concepts, information about study area, methods and tools used in the analysis are elaborated in the chapter three. Chapter four explores the results and findings in a logical scientific manner to accomplish the objectives and test the hypothesis of the study. Chapter five presents conclusions based on research outcomes and also some recommendations for enhancing the people’s participation in rural development projects and sustainability. In the next chapter the st udy is summarized and finally the sources of research materials, books and research papers related to the present investigation are listed.

M.C. Escher :: Visual Arts Paintings Art

M.C. Escher M.C. Escher was a Dutch graphic artist, most recognized for spatial illusions, impossible buildings, repeating geometric patterns (tessellations), and his incredible techniques in woodcutting and lithography. Â · M.C. Escher was born June 1898 and died March 1972. His work continues to fascinate both young and old across a broad spectrum of interests. Â · M.C. Escher was a man studied and greatly appreciated by respected mathematicians, scientists and crystallographers yet he had no formal training in math or science. He was a humble man who considered himself neither an artist or mathematician. Â · Intricate repeating patterns, mathematically complex structures, spatial perspectives all require a "second look". In Escher's work what you see the first time is most certainly not all there is to see. Maurits Cornelis Escher (1898-1972) is one of the world's most famous graphic artists. His art is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world, as can be seen on the many web sites on the internet. He is most famous for his so-called impossible structures, such as Ascending and Descending, Relativity, his Transformation Prints, such as Metamorphosis I, Metamorphosis II and Metamorphosis III, Sky & Water I or Reptiles. But he also made some wonderful, more realistic work during the time he lived and traveled in Italy. Castrovalva for example, where one already can see Escher's fascination for high and low, close by and far away. The lithograph Atrani, a small town on the Amalfi Coast was made in 1931, but comes back for example, in his masterpiece Metamorphosis I and II M.C. Escher, during his lifetime, made 448 lithographs, woodcuts and wood engravings and over 2000 drawings and sketches. Like some of his famous predecessors, - Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, DÃ ¼rer and Holbein-, M.C. Escher was left-handed. Apart from being a graphic artist, M.C. Escher illustrated books, designed tapestries, postage stamps and murals. He was born in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, as the fourth and youngest son of a civil engineer. After 5 years the family moved to Arnhem where Escher spent most of his youth. After failing his high school exams, Maurits ultimately was enrolled in the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts in Haarlem After only one week, he informed his father that he would rather study graphic art instead of architecture, as he had shown his drawings and linoleum cuts to his graphic teacher Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita, who encouraged him to continue with graphic arts. After finishing school, he traveled extensively through Italy, where he met his wife Jetta Umiker, whom he married in 1924. M.C. Escher :: Visual Arts Paintings Art M.C. Escher M.C. Escher was a Dutch graphic artist, most recognized for spatial illusions, impossible buildings, repeating geometric patterns (tessellations), and his incredible techniques in woodcutting and lithography. Â · M.C. Escher was born June 1898 and died March 1972. His work continues to fascinate both young and old across a broad spectrum of interests. Â · M.C. Escher was a man studied and greatly appreciated by respected mathematicians, scientists and crystallographers yet he had no formal training in math or science. He was a humble man who considered himself neither an artist or mathematician. Â · Intricate repeating patterns, mathematically complex structures, spatial perspectives all require a "second look". In Escher's work what you see the first time is most certainly not all there is to see. Maurits Cornelis Escher (1898-1972) is one of the world's most famous graphic artists. His art is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world, as can be seen on the many web sites on the internet. He is most famous for his so-called impossible structures, such as Ascending and Descending, Relativity, his Transformation Prints, such as Metamorphosis I, Metamorphosis II and Metamorphosis III, Sky & Water I or Reptiles. But he also made some wonderful, more realistic work during the time he lived and traveled in Italy. Castrovalva for example, where one already can see Escher's fascination for high and low, close by and far away. The lithograph Atrani, a small town on the Amalfi Coast was made in 1931, but comes back for example, in his masterpiece Metamorphosis I and II M.C. Escher, during his lifetime, made 448 lithographs, woodcuts and wood engravings and over 2000 drawings and sketches. Like some of his famous predecessors, - Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, DÃ ¼rer and Holbein-, M.C. Escher was left-handed. Apart from being a graphic artist, M.C. Escher illustrated books, designed tapestries, postage stamps and murals. He was born in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, as the fourth and youngest son of a civil engineer. After 5 years the family moved to Arnhem where Escher spent most of his youth. After failing his high school exams, Maurits ultimately was enrolled in the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts in Haarlem After only one week, he informed his father that he would rather study graphic art instead of architecture, as he had shown his drawings and linoleum cuts to his graphic teacher Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita, who encouraged him to continue with graphic arts. After finishing school, he traveled extensively through Italy, where he met his wife Jetta Umiker, whom he married in 1924.

Were the Conditions Bad for All Black Americans During the 1920s

Were the Conditions bad for all black Americans during the 1920s? Explain your answer fully. When Black Americans first came to the USA they were used as slaves in the 17th and 18th century; and so when slavery ended in 1860s, there were more black Americans than whites living in the Southern States. During this time white Americans controlled the state governments, fearing the power of blacks and introducing laws to control their freedoms. The USA constitution and federal law declared that everyone was equal. The southern states passed the Jim Crow Laws which related to segregation.This meant that white people and black people had to live separately. The areas of society affected by segregation included churches, hospitals, theatres and schools. Black American’s were only segregated in the South. There the KKK (Klu Klutz Klan) formed, their aim was to terrorise foreigners, and black Americans were the most affected by this. The KKK would lynch black people and kill them, they usually raided houses at night and there they killed their victims. By 1925 the KKK had around 5 million members. Blacks found it hard to get fair treatment.They could not vote and were denied access to good jobs and a reasonable education. Between 1925 and 1922 more than 430 black Americans were lynched. The KKK had a huge influence on the people living in the area around the KKK, many law enforcers were also part of the KKK and some politicians were forced into the KKK or else they wouldn’t get votes. Due to the Segregation in the south many black American’s moved to the North in hope for better living conditions, around 1 million black people moved from the south to the North during that time. This was known as the â€Å"Great Migration†.The conditions in the North were not that much better off, although they weren’t segregated like they were in the South they were still discriminated. For example they couldn’t get on the same bus as whites and didn’t go to the same schools. Most blacks lived in poorer housing and yet they paid higher rents. They also got bad jobs. There were slight improvements for the black Americans living in the North. During the time Jazz was bought to fame by musicians like Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith. Bessie Smith was a famous Jazz singer and it was reported that she died as she wasn’t admitted to a white hospital after a accident.This shows that even when people were famous and rich they were still discriminated for their race. Overall the conditions for Black Americans were all bad but some were more severe than other. This is because those who were unfortunate enough to live in the South were segregated and had a tougher life then the black Americans in the North. For those people that lived in the south their life was much tuffer and there was always a chance that they might not live the next day while in the Northern States they could go to work, even though it wasn’t the best job, and they had a safe place to live where they knew no one would raid them.

Analysis of Criminal Man by Cesare Lombroso Free Essay Example, 2250 words

According to the theory, criminality or criminal intent is something that inherited by the alleged criminals, and so the born criminal can be identified by observing his/her physical features or defects . Although this theory of judging a person by his/her physical characteristics was and may seem controversial, it provided key inputs to the field of criminology. Lombroso compiled all the tenets of his theory in a multi-edition book called Criminal Man, thus discussing his theory in a detailed manner with case-examples, illustrations, etc. The Criminal Man or Luomo delinquency was first published in 1876, and it went through five editions during the lifetime of Lombroso. In each of the edition, Lombroso incorporated and expanded on his theories about innate criminality, thereby coming up with a refined and at the same time a more evolved theoretical perspectives about how physical features can be a clear mirror of the criminal intent. All those five editions were in Italian unti l it was translated and produced for the first time into English in 1911. It was produced shortly after his death by is a daughter and was translated by an anonymous author. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Criminal Man by Cesare Lombroso or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Then, also how those physical defects and thereby the criminal intent arose in the criminals or humans due to their reversion to the primitive type of men, who roamed the ancient earth as savages. That is, he was of the opinion that humans who exhibited defects in any parts of the body including both external and internal organs are more prone