Australia and the Vietnam War essays

Australia and the Vietnam War essays The reasons for the Australian involvement in the Vietnam conflict are not difficult to understand. Australia's foreign policy in the 1950s and 1960s responded to what appeared to be the downward push of aggressive communism in South-East Asia and the need to meet these threats away from Australia. It was clear also that because the United States was involved in this war, Australia would support its great ally and friend. As Australia had assisted the United States in the Korean War so, too, it was prepared to become involved in the Vietnam War. The Menzies government, fearful of communism in Asia, saw any communist victory in South Vietnam as a threat to Australia. Given Australia's military weakness and the potential danger from our nearest neighbor, the very unstable Indonesia, it was in Australia's interests to commit the United States to Asia and the fight against communism. As Britain withdrew from its world commitments, the Australian government saw the United States as the powerful Western nation to take its place. It was in Australia's best interest for this to happen, and Australia's role in Vietnam was motivated by this determination to keep the United States involved in Asia. Through diplomatic channels the Australian government encouraged the United States' involvement in Vietnam and showed its good faith by sending troops as well. Compared with the size of the US force, the size of the Australian force was never great, and its military significance was slight. At the height of Australia's involvement in Vietna m, its troop level numbered only 8300, while the US troop level reached 720 000. What was important was Australia's political support as an ally. It fitted in with the concept of forward defence, and once again Australia had the support of a great and powerful ally. This time, however, the great and powerful friend was not Australia's traditional ally Britain but a new ally, the United St ...

Entertainment Ruining Ones Life Essays

Entertainment Ruining Ones Life Essays Entertainment Ruining Ones Life Essay Entertainment Ruining Ones Life Essay Essay Topic: Entertainment Tao Te Ching Entertainment Ruining Ones Future Video games have developed to become more popular than music and film in the current day. As a result to the more developed games being released and updated with modern life, teenagers are constantly on the run to obtain these games and are most likely to become addicted to them. Although these games may include an adventurous and amusing storyline, they mostly include violence at some point in the game. The intended audience for these games is teenagers and young adults due to all of the blood and violence as well as the inappropriate behaviors involved. However, many young children have begun playing these games which causes an increase in their aggression with their teachers and peers. Therefore, young children should be prohibited from playing video games to prevent violent acts from occurring. Video games act as a major nuisance towards children; therefore the younger aged audience should be banned from playing or watching video games or at least have a restriction on the time spent on these games. In a study shown by Gentile, Lynch, Linder and Walsh of the Adolescent Interest Group has shown that adolescent irls have played an average of five hours worth of video games a week, while boys had averaged around thirteen hours a week (Palo Alto Medical Foundation 2011). Children who are constantly playing video games have been shown to be more aggressive towards their teachers and peers that also results in a decline of their academic levels. In addition, children can build upon these thoughts into negative emotions and actions. Even with a limited time playing these games can cause these teenagers or children to have aggressive thoughts. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, it only takes a small amount of time for children to take the acts of killing animals or people, use of drugs and alcohol or use of foul language into their daily environments exposing their acts to the younger aged audience, which may ruin their future (Andrea Norcia Mar. 2011). For instance, many adolescents exposed to the violence may bring a dangerous weapon onto their schools campus trying to show off to other students, which may lead to those other students following in that students footsteps. Lastly, the cost towards these games can be as high as a skyscraper. All the money put into these games couldVe gone to more educational purposes, such as their savings account for their colleges tuition and textbook costs. While the child is at home constantly playing their video games that average about sixty to eighty dollars per game, which does not including the money needed to purchase the consoles that average about $200-$300, their peers at school have excelled far beyond his or her current state, which may be difficult to recover from if not handled properly. Consequently, the more games the children buy, the more likely they become addicted to them. Addiction may be started in various ways, especially when people want to be aroused with entertainment, such as alcohol or drugs and gambling that are not available in their daily lives, but present in certain violent games (Socia 2013). In addition, private information used to register and purchase games may become leaked through hackers that break into many companles aataoases. Hackers are aDle to use tne InTormatlon tney leaKea Tor tnelr own benefits which may cause the victims to suffer from consequences for acts they did not commit. This can lead to bankruptcy if the issue persists uninterrupted (Socia 013). For example, a student in the third grade has been exposed to violent games from his older brother that plays his games almost everyday for the majority of his time. As a result, that third grader takes in all the violence shown in those games which can result in a lack of time spent with the remainder of his family, school-work, a development of poor social skills, as well as a more constant production of aggressive thoughts and behaviors. In addition, the cost revenue put into this childs games has excelled far beyond the ideal limit, taking about nearly $1000 of his arents paycheck, which consists of purchasing consoles, monitors and the games themselves. Therefore, students should not waste their precious time on video games, or should at least have a time limit put onto their time playing these video games. In conclusion, video games shouldnt be given to students and children whoVe yet to finish high school. Students should learn from their mistakes and start focusing more on school before they are allowed leisure time, which should also have a limit set by the parents to prevent an excessive exposure to the violent acts present in these games. In the future, students should learn to better manage what they choose to do at home allowing them to academically excel in their schoolwork and have a more beneficial relationship with their classmates and more importantly their families. : Andrea Norcia . Parents Teachers: The Impact of Video Games. Palo Alto Medical Foundation. Aug. 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. Children and Video Games: Playing with Violence. American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. Mar. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. Socia, Kelly. online addiction. Issues: Understanding Controversy and society. ABC- CLIO, 2013. web. 4 Dec. 2013.

The Historical, Current and Future Sustainability of Cork in Portugal Essay

The Historical, Current and Future Sustainability of Cork in Portugal - Essay Example It makes great contribution to the economic growth of the country also. Almost 800 companies related to the cork industry. Those companies employ over 20, 0000 workers. About 50% of total cork products are made in Portugal. Portugal is the leading country when it comes to the production of Cork. As on 2012, the average annual output was 157,000 tons. It also holds 60% of the overall worldwide exports. The country has Cork industry produces discs, fishing rods, handles, cigarette tips, discs, different kinds of packing, etc. Cork is also used for mattresses and cushion. Brief Overview of Cork Cork is buoyant, impervious material. It is a subset of the bark tissue yield for commercial use mainly from Quercus suber (the Cork Oak). Cork consists of a hydrophobic material called suberin. Due to the elasticity, buoyancy and impermeability cork is used in variety of products. However, the most common use of cork is for wine stoppers. Cork was first examined by Robert Hooke. This led to its discovery and the naming of the cell (Cork2, 2009, p.1). Uses of Cork The elasticity of cork combined with impermeability makes it a candidate for a material to be used as a bottle stopper; even more especially for wine bottles. As a matter of fact cork stoppers embody 60% of the cork productions. Even in the mid seventeenth century, cork stoppers were not used in the wine bottles. Rather oil soaked rags were staffed into the bottle necks. Things changed once the trading of the cork was initiated. Wine cork stop could be made of a single cork piece or from several composed particles. One prime example of such cork stop is the champagne corks. Natural corks were used for 80% of the 20 billion wine bottles produced round the globe. However, the usage percentage saw a dip due to the increase usage of other cheaper synthetic alternatives. However, still the percentage stand at a healthy 60%. A part from the usage of bottle stoppers, cork is also used in musical instruments to tighten se gments of different instruments. Corks can also be used for outer walls of the houses. Cork is used during the manufacturing of baseball and cricket balls. A part from this corks are used in space craft heat shields, printers and also in construction and automotive industry. Evolution of Usage of Cork in Portugal Cork happens to be one of the premier products of Portugal. It makes great contribution to the economic growth of the country also. About 50% of total cork product is made in Portugal. The Portuguese cork industry is a versatile and developed one. In Portugal, cork is used for various functions like developing buildings, architectures; in automobiles; military and aero-space industry. However it is very much needless to say that the just like any other part of the world corks are mainly used in Portugal as wine stoppers. This makes it evident, how significantly the cork production supplements the wine production in Portugal. Contribution of Cork to Portuguese Economy Portug al is the leading country when it comes to the production of Cork. As on 2012, the average annual output was 157,000 tons. It also holds 60% of the overall worldwide exports. The annual turnover is about â‚ ¬850m. It is quite obvious that the cork stoppers holds biggest share with â‚ ¬590m. This is followed by construction material making a contribution of â‚ ¬

Sci-fi. Inception science fiction film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sci-fi. Inception science fiction film - Essay Example Subsequently, Inception went on to win several significant awards, but most notably the Academy Awards. The film projects three principal themes; dreams, recursion and, suicide. Inception questions the wisdom of accessing too much information from a person’s subconscious. The movie revolves around a thief, Cobb, who steals precious information from the minds of his targets. He does this by projecting into their respective subconscious and sourcing the essential information. It is during one such projection, Saito’s mind, that he is defeated in retrieving the required information, but ends up being hired for a job whose gains will see him able to return, safely, to his family. The picture expounds on the strain that was faced in the new task, Fischer’s subconscious. Amidst all this, Cobb has to battle his emotions pertaining to his wife’s suicide, which disturbs and delays waylays him, within the target’s subconscious. Ultimately, Ariadne shoots Mal, thus, saving Cobb. The mission is successful, and the protagonist’s return to his family is made plausible. Very few movies have explored this unique theme of projecting into people’s dreams. The movie illustrates this process in a manner previously rarely seen. The main audience of this film happens to be adults. This arises from the fact that its themes and intricate details can only be fully grasped by adults. Science can best be defined as a realistic speculation of future scientific and social advancements. This is realized via deep understanding of the scientific world. It requires a considerable amount of imagination and existence of the element of plausibility. It is imperative for Science fiction movies to be characterized by conflict, believability and excellent visual effects. Inception is characterized by all these three elements. The Dreams are a core theme throughout the entirety of the movie. It entails an intricate web of interconnected dreams. A dreamer is the individual in whose dream the action exists. Subsequently, each level of dreaming must have its own dreamer. Each dream must have its subject, who is the individual whose subconscious is the source of information. Unless something bizarre happens, the dreamer is usually unaware that he is dreaming. However, in the event the subject realizes he is dreaming, his projections are often violent towards the dreamer. To avoid such eventualities, the work of the architect is to make the world as real as humanly possible. In the dream world, when an individual committed suicide, it meant a safe passage to reality. This was often the avenue of choice for a majority of characters in the film when at wits end. However, in the Fischer mission, this avenue is unsafe as no guarantee exits on its safety and certainty. The team realizes that death, in that particular dream state, will usher them into limbo where one is prone to insanity. Throughout the entirety of the film, the protagonist is haunted by the first suicide in the films beginning. His wife, Mal committed suicide while attempting to return to her children in real life. She had believed that she was still in her dream while in fact she was in the actual world. The third prominent theme is that of recursion. This is evident in both conceptual and visual features. This is exemplified by a dreamer is dreaming a dream. This creates the concept of levels as sociated to levels. A dreamer first dream in the first level, then another dreamer inside the first dream initiates another dream. Thus, two dreams now exist, and events are now taking place in the second level: often, the inner stories inside the dream in a dream overwhelm the real world framing. These interconnected dreams are the core concept of the film. Recursion enables the individuals

Macromedia DreamWeaver Essay Example for Free

Macromedia DreamWeaver Essay After hearing the talk with John Burton a Director from the Varndean e-learning company. I have learnt that Varndean if a fairly small company compared to other large manufactures. Johns Role in Varndean e-Learning is a shared one. As the company is a relatively small one they all share roles. But John writes interactive Learning materials (such as the one we are working from) He also has a small role with finances, but his main role is working with selling the product. John will try to sell his programs in many ways. They include Websites, where the customers can view screenshots of the product and order a CD for more information, or they can actually buy the product its self. Varndean also run large marketing campaigns, they have a huge database of all the schools in the country. They use this to help distribute letters to or leaflets or any other way of selling their products. Also they invite them to a seminar where thy can show them the products in far more detail. To accomplish all this the company would have to use different software and hardware. Without the use of some software there is no way they could produce enough letters to distribute letters between thousands of schools. Also with out such web authoring tools such as Macromedia Dreamweaver no way could they make their websites. Also Microsoft exel and access keeping databases of all the schools addresses. With out software and hardware there is no way the sales department at Varndean could hold its ground well. Also Varndean and nearly all company little or large use email. John says, they receive 10-15 emails a day asking for more detail or information about their programs. So without hardware and software the sales department probably would work. Here is a list of all the things that makes this company work. Purchasing Deparment Another director at Varndean e-Learning is Andy Legget. He is more concerned with the purchasing department. His job can be as small as buying paper clips or paper for the printer or to buy 2 servers to power a website and an office from. They make all their purchases using a company bank account. They use debit cards quite a lot because they purchase a lot of equipment over the Internet. (Especially from the U. S) All of the suppliers that are purchased from are recorded in a SAGE instant account package. They keep track of who the suppliers are what weve bought from them. By listening to Andy talk about the purchasing department I know that the purchasing department have:   PCS An internet Connection AGE Instant Accounts   They Work from there office in the Varndean company building hey use 1 server to power there Network They use 1 server to run their website from As Andy doesnt give a list of hardware or software he uses it is hard to see what equipment they use. So by reading what he says I can think that the Purchasing department runs on 2 servers. One run their website and the other powers the network. They use the Sage Instant accounts package, using this they can track their suppliers. Also we know that they use a Debit card to pay for things over the Internet. Andy and his purchasing department staff would normally work in a office, here the advantage of ICT is shown as they use it to their advantage, without it they would not be able to surf the web and buy the products needed to make the purchasing department useful. With ICT the purchasing department can run a lot more quicker, smoother and efficient. Also with the aid of ict they can communicate with other companies Via email and other software, E. g. Msn Messenger, AOL Instant messenger. The Finances Department The Finances runs mainly on the use of ICT, the use of ICT in the Finances department is absolutely vital, they use it to follow the accounts, money coming in, and money coming out. This software allows them to keep track of any money due in and at the same time keep control of the amount of money being spent by the purchasing department. Once again all of the software and hardware and probably used in a designated office or set of rooms. They would have to use broadband to be quicker and carry out tasks faster. Individuals in the Finances department are given a great advantage over other rival companies who have no ICT. With out it they would have to use pen and paper and search through catalogues. Not only would this take much longer, less efficient and harder to get information on the items and users. At Varndean the 2 main people that control the Finances department are John and Sue. They send out invoices and inform people of the amount of the days they have left to pay, this will tart from 30 days, With the use of SAGE instant accounts package they can follow their customers or buyes around the world and follow there bank accounts. In this their details like Name, address and other contacts details are stored. Another piece of software used is the BACS this is an electronic system that can send any money straight the there bank account. The last main piece of software used is the SAGE payroll. Each month either Sue or John will enter the details of the workers at varndean. This then (Every 3 weeks) will automate print out each check for each worker. Once again the Finances department would use Macromedia DreamWeaver to create websites to distribute information on their products. Also from the internet they can communicate with other companies and also search the web for the purchasing department to buy. They get information from forums and the products website. Operations Department The Operations department is run by Andy, this is the part of the company which creates the products and creates the websites. To create the software they sell, they need to first use several pieces of hardware to create it, for example there software includes Video, so to get this video they need to use a Digital Camcorder to record images, they then upload it to their computers then with the use of ICT they can edit what they have recorder and place them into their software. Operations department is mainly in control of the creating of the software and websites.

Tennysons Merlin and Vivien Essay -- Lord Alfred Tennyson Papers

Tennyson's Merlin and Vivien Known as one of Victorian England's finest poets, Lord Alfred Tennyson epitomized the agony and despondency of the degradation of one's character. His masterpiece, The Idylls of the King, explicates the grand scheme of corruption of the Authurian age while simultaneously paralleling Tennyson's own internal struggles. A most intriguing chapter of The Idylls, "Merlin and Vivien" portrays the manipulative Vivien, identified as pure evil and hatred, as her corruptive beauty leads to Merlin's self-destruction. The Victorian era, from the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1837 until her death in 1901, was an era of several unsettling social developments that forced writers more than ever before to take positions on the immediate issues animating the rest of society. Thus, although romantic forms of expression in poetry and prose continued to dominate English literature throughout much of the century, the attention of many writers was directed, sometimes passionately, to such issues as the growth of English democracy, the education of the masses, the progress of industrial enterprise and the consequent rise of a materialistic philosophy, and the plight of the newly industrialized worker. In addition, the unsettling of religious belief by new advances in science, particularly the theory of evolution and the historical study of the Bible, drew other writers away from the immemorial subjects of literature into considerations of problems of faith and truth. Tennyson's writing displays evidence of doubt and concern towards England's government, both present and past. His distinctive style can be differentiated from many Victorian poets by diction and syntax alone. Also, Tennyson can b... ... harmony. His poem "Merlin and Vivien" of The Idylls of the King displays Merlin's self-chosen downfall in exchange for the temptations of Vivien, the manipulative evil. "For Merlin, overtalked and overworn,/ Had yielded, told her all the charm, and slept." (ll.963-964) Bibliography: Works Cited Culler, Dwight. The Poerty of Tennyson. London: Yale UP, 1997. 238-239. Hain, Donald. Tennyson's Language. Toronto: Toronto UP, 1991. 144-148. Hellstrom, Ward. On the Poems of Tennyson. Gainsville: University of Florida Press, 1972. 117-118. Kincaid, James. The Major Poems of Tennyson: The Comic and Ironic Patterns. London: Yale UP, 1975. 177-182. Marshall, George. A Tennyson Handbook. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1963. 140-141. Reed, John. Perception and Design in Tennyson's Idylls of the King. Athens: Ohio UP, 1969. 48-58.

Biographical Narrative Essay

â€Å"Work isn’t to make money, you work to justify life†-Marc Chagall When I was younger, everything was handed to me. Well, not everything but most of what I wanted or thought I needed like new clothes, toys, the latest electronics things that cost money. When the economy started to crash thing had to change around my house. My mother lost her job and my dad’s pay was cut short plus on top of that he was sick for 8 months with a type of liver disease. We had to cut down on how much money we spent especially on the wants compared to our needs.With our financial struggle I had to learn how to live with the things that I already had and not want what other people had. Having my first job as a snow cone maker I also had to learn that you have to work for the things you want in life. Nothing in life is just handed to you, you have to earn it. My parents always reminded us that we had it better than others which helped me appreciate the things I had a little more. Wh en I got my first job I started to appreciate the money that was spent on me because I knew what hard work it took to earn it.I started working at age 15 for a kettle corn and snow cone vendor called Hunsaker Bros Kettle Corn. I can remember my first day at work, shaking nerves up and down my spine, thinking of smart word that I can put in my sentences when I talk to my first costumer. All I wanted to do was to please my boss and be the best worker I can be. By working hard, I learned that it takes great responsibility to maintain a good work ethic. Learning these responsibilities and good work ethics I have managed to provide for myself.I now know how to pay bills, separate necessities with desires and manage my funds. Before, when my parents would always pay my Iphone bill and complain to me that it is too expensive, my response was always â€Å"Well, if you can pay for a brand new refrigerator we can pay for my I phone! It’s something that we ‘have’ to pay fo r†. Having a job has given me a different perspective on what money is spent on. I never thought how much money is wasted on things that don’t even matter in life. In life, we get side tracked on useless material objects.It is very controversial on what we believe are wants versus our needs. I remember going school shopping for clothes and I asked my mom for a pair of rock revival jeans. In my mind it was a necessity, it was a piece of clothing that I â€Å"needed† to make me cool and dress like everyone else. But in reality, it was a pair of jeans that was more for luxury and high price which I ended up getting four pairs of off brand jeans for the price of one. I now understand why my mom managed to spend money on my sibling and I so wisely.Each penny that was spent on us was worked hard for and then given to us. I have learned from my parents that if I want something in life, the only way to accomplish it is to work hard, and then I will deserve it. Earning my own money at a young age has impacted my life as I enter adulthood by giving me goals that I want to accomplish later in life and setting morals and responsibilities. I also realized that life isn’t about living for making money or how much money you make but what you have to leave behind as a person. Nothing in life is given for free you have to work hard and earn it.

Dbq Mechanization of India and Japans Cotton Industry

Trevor Olds DBQ During the period of time from the 1880s to the 1930s, Japan and India both were beginning to mechanize their cotton industries. Both of these countries had similar recruitment techniques, but differed when it came to who the workers were and where they came from, and the working conditions they had in the mill. Documents 1, 2, and 6 all show the increased usage of machines in Japanese and Indian cotton factories.The chart in Document 1 that details the production of cotton yarn and cloth in India shows how India utilized more machines to create more yarn and cloth in 1914 than in 1884. The chart shows how machine spun yarn was surpassing the amount of hand-woven yarn, as well as how the amount of machine-made cloth is quickly catching the amount of hand-woven cloth, which shows the mechanization of India’s cotton industry. This document is reliable because it is data collected from British colonial officials who would have no benefit of altering the data in an y way.The Indian economist Radhakamal Mukerjee who wrote â€Å"The Foundation of Indian Economics† (1916) in Document 6 talks of how handloom cloth weavers cannot compete with the machines in the factories and are rapidly declining. This shows India’s step towards a more mechanized cloth industry. The document is not completely reliable because as an economist, the author may have overemphasized the decline of India’s handloom weavers to show economic growth. Comparable to India’s increased production of machine spun yarn is Japan’s outlined by the chart in document 2.Japan’s incredulous increase in machine spun yarn from five million pounds in 1884 to 666 in 1914 dwarfs India’s growth that was 151 million pounds in 1884 to only 652 in 1914. Document two may not be completely reliable because the data may have been altered to make Japan’s Industry is improving just a bit faster than India’s. Though Japan and India were s imilar in their implementation of machines in the cotton industry, Documents 7, 8, and 10 show that the workers in these factories are different.Documents 8 and 10 are pictures of an Indian and a Japanese textile mill. The photo of a Japanese cotton mill in document 8 is not reliable because it is from an official company history, that means that the company could only be showing the nicer part of the factory where the labor environment is not that bad. The same goes for the picture of an Indian textile mill in document 10. Moving on the Indian textile mill in Document 10 shows all male workers, indicating that many more men worked in Indian textile mills than women did.However, in contrast to India, the Japanese mill in Document 8 shows quite a few women with several men here and there, which indicates that Japan was different from India and had more women workers than men. The comparative chart of female workers in Japan and India in Document 7 shows that less than a quarter of In dian textile laborers were female and that over three-fourths were women in Japan, which is directly opposite in Japan and India.The chart also shows how the percentage of female workers goes down while the equivalent Japanese percentage rises slightly. This shows the difference of workers between Indian and Japanese textile mills. Document 7 is not very reliable though considering the chart was taken from a dissertation of which we have no knowledge of the author. Document 4 is a written source pertaining to the high percentage of female workers in Japanese mills. This document explains the reason for the increased number of women working in textile factories.The reason is that since the farmers are so poor the money made by their daughters is often more than the farmer’s annual income and that they virtually provide for the family. Of course, since the document is written by a Buddhist priest the document is not completely reliable, his idea would be that these girls in the factories are the families’ salvation, so he pays no attention to the negative aspects of the girls leaving home because Buddhism places individual meditation and salvation over family bonds.A useful document would be a journal entry by one of these girls talking about how they felt about being sent away to work in the textile mills and how her absence would affect the family. Even though the people that worked for the mills were of different nationalities, the systems that textile mills used in India and Japan were similar. Documents 4, 5, and 9 talk about how workers were taken from peasant families. Document 5 talks about how the â€Å"cheap† workers came from rural farming communities.In Japan, the person who leaves their family is no longer a financial load for the family, which explains why families sent workers to the mills. Document 4 basically explains the same ideas, but adds the factor of extra income that can come from the workers in Japan that supports th e family. Document 9 states that the Indian mills also sent people from rural farming communities. Most of the workers are peasants from agricultural villages and earn low wages, resembling the systems of the Japanese mills.Documents 3 and 9 show one of the most important differences between the countries: their respective working conditions. The story of the Japanese mill worker in Document 3 talks of long working hours, no heat, and little food. There are also low wages, with the possibility of no pay for the first year. When the high amount of sick people at the factory who no one will go near is added, we learn that the working conditions in the Japanese mills were terrible.This document also shows the truth because it is a personal recollection from a female worker in one of the mills. People also had to sleep together at the factory. This last fact by itself is directly contrasted by document 9 because the huts Indian workers lived in when working in the factories. Indian work ers lived in their own hut and only worked at one factory for two years, as opposed to the Japanese worker who is only likely to get paid starting their second year. This shows that the Indian workers had better living conditions than the Japanese workers.Since the Indian document is written by a commissioner and not a worker, the author could have altered the information that was presented affecting the reliability of the document because of his bias. Two extra documents that would be helpful would be an account from an Indian worker and a report from a Japanese official to provide an all-around comparison of the countries. In conclusion, the mechanization of the textile industry saw a great rise from 1880 to the 1930s in both Japan and India, who both found the majority of their workers from farming peasants to work in the mills.Japan used mainly female workers with worse working conditions than Indian workers, who were mostly male. An additional document would be a comparison of machines used in India over this time compared to those used in Japan to determine the importance of mechanization in the textile industry of the two countries comparatively to properly examine the similarities and differences of the mechanization of the cotton industry in Japan and India.

democracy-ethnic conflict essays

democracy-ethnic conflict essays Does Democracy encourage ethnic conflict? Examples from Sri Lanka and Canada: This essay explores the connections between democracy and ethnic conflict in two cases of recent history Sri Lanka and Canada. The experience of both countries with varied degree of conflicts shows that democratic institutions are not sufficient to prevent conflict and in sharply divided societies may even foment it. The case of Sri Lanka suggests that redesigning democratic institutions in order to reduce conflict may actually accentuate it. Looking at the Canada from the consociational perspective helps us to understand how the democracy in Canada works successfully, why it works in a particularly elitist way, and which problems Canadian political institutions have in managing ethnic conflict. Sri Lanka has seen intractable and brutal civil war between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Tamils. Post-independence shifts in the political leadership of the Sinhalese elite from a secular, liberal attitude towards a more chauvinistic, nationalistic one led to changes favoring the Sinhalese in linguistic, economic, and political spheres. The consequent alienation of the Tamils grew, until in 1976, the main political representative of the Tamil population began advocating a separate state in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. Rising militancy of the Tamil movement, Sinhalese insecurities, and unsatisfactory progress in devolution discussions have contributed to the more or less sustained violence between the two communities during the past 16 years. Therefore, Sri Lanka has had democratic institutions, yet still has longstanding conflict. As Robert Rotberg, in his book Creating peace in Sri Lanka, argues the idea of sharing political power, particularly among the ethnic grou...

How a Space Elevator Would Work

How a Space Elevator Would Work A space elevator is a proposed transportation system connecting the Earths surface to space. The elevator would allow vehicles to travel to orbit or space without the use of rockets. While elevator travel wouldnt be faster than rocket travel, it would be much less expensive and could be used continuously to transport cargo and possibly passengers. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky first described a space elevator in 1895. Tsiolkovksy proposed building a tower from the surface up to geostationary orbit, essentially making an incredibly tall building. The problem with his idea was that the structure would be crushed by all the weight above it. Modern concepts of space elevators are based on a different principle - tension. The elevator would be built using a cable attached at one end to the Earths surface and to a massive counterweight at the other end, above geostationary orbit (35,786 km). Gravity would pull downward on the cable, while centrifugal force from the orbiting counterweight would pull upward. The opposing forces would reduce the stress on the elevator, compared with building a tower to space. While a normal elevator uses moving cables to pull a platform  up and down, the space elevator would rely on devices called crawlers, climbers, or lifters that travel  along a stationary cable or ribbon. In other words, the elevator would move on the cable. Multiple climbers would need to be traveling in both directions to offset vibrations from the Coriolis force acting on their motion. Parts of a Space Elevator The setup for the elevator would be something like this: A massive station, captured asteroid, or group of climbers would be positioned higher than geostationary orbit. Because the tension on the cable would be at its maximum at the orbital position, the cable would be thickest there, tapering toward the Earths surface. Most likely, the cable would either be deployed from space or constructed in multiple sections, moving down to Earth. Climbers would move up and down the cable on rollers, held in place by friction. Power could be supplied by existing technology, such as wireless energy transfer, solar power, and/or stored nuclear energy. The connection point at the surface could be a mobile platform in the ocean, offering security for the elevator and flexibility for avoiding obstacles. Travel on a space elevator would not be fast! The travel time from one end to the other would be several days to a month. To put the distance in perspective, if the climber moved at 300 km/hr (190 mph), it would take five days to reach geosynchronous orbit. Because climbers have to work in concert with others on the cable to make it stable, its likely progress would be much slower. Challenges Yet to Be Overcome The biggest obstacle to space elevator construction is the lack of a material with high enough tensile strength  and  elasticity and low enough density to build the cable or ribbon. So far, the strongest materials for the cable would be diamond nanothreads (first synthesized in 2014) or  carbon nanotubules. These materials have yet to be synthesized to sufficient length or tensile strength to density ratio. The covalent chemical bonds connecting carbon atoms in carbon or diamond nanotubes can only withstand so much stress before unzipping or tearing apart. Scientists calculate the strain the bonds can support, confirming that while it might be possible to one day construct a ribbon long enough to stretch from the Earth to geostationary orbit, it wouldnt be able to sustain additional stress from the environment, vibrations, and climbers. Vibrations and wobble are a serious consideration. The cable would be susceptible to pressure from the solar wind, harmonics (i.e., like a really long violin string), lightning strikes, and wobble from the Coriolis force. One solution would be to control the movement of crawlers to compensate for some of the effects. Another problem is that the space between geostationary orbit and the Earths surface is littered with space junk and debris. Solutions include cleaning up near-Earth space or making the orbital counterweight able to dodge obstacles. Other issues include corrosion, micrometeorite impacts, and the effects of the Van Allen radiation belts (a problem for both materials and organisms). The magnitude of the challenges coupled with the development of reusable rockets, like those developed by SpaceX, have diminished interest in space elevators, but that doesnt mean the elevator idea is dead. Space Elevators Arent Just for Earth A suitable material for an Earth-based space elevator has yet to be developed, but existing materials are strong enough to support a space elevator on the Moon, other moons, Mars, or asteroids. Mars has about a third the gravity of Earth, yet rotates at about the same rate, so a Martian space elevator would be much shorter than one built on Earth. An elevator on Mars would have to address the low orbit of the moon Phobos, which intersects the Martian equator regularly. The complication for a lunar elevator, on the other hand, is that the Moon doesnt rotate quickly enough to offer a stationary orbit point. However, the Lagrangian points could be used instead. Even though a lunar elevator would be 50,000 km long on the near side of the Moon and even longer on its far side, the lower gravity makes construction feasible. A Martian elevator could provide ongoing transport outside of the planets gravity well, while a lunar elevator could be used to send materials from the Moon to a locatio n readily reached by Earth. When Will a Space Elevator Be Built? Numerous companies have proposed plans for space elevators. Feasibility studies indicate an elevator wont be built until (a) a material is discovered that can support the tension for an Earth elevator or (b) theres a need for an elevator on the Moon or Mars. While its probable the conditions will be met in the 21st century, adding a space elevator ride to your bucket list might be premature. Recommended Reading Landis, Geoffrey A. Cafarelli, Craig (1999). Presented as paper IAF-95-V.4.07, 46th International Astronautics Federation Congress, Oslo Norway, October 2–6, 1995. The Tsiolkovski Tower Reexamined.  Journal of the British Interplanetary Society.  52: 175–180.  Cohen, Stephen S.; Misra, Arun K. (2009). The effect of climber transit on the space elevator dynamics.  Acta Astronautica.  64  (5–6): 538–553.  Fitzgerald, M., Swan, P., Penny, R. Swan, C. Space Elevator Architectures and Roadmaps, Lulu.com Publishers 2015

ELL Families and Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ELL Families and Schools - Essay Example Some ELLs are introduced to English in some sort of way at home and at an early age. Oftentimes, however, this is in a decontextualized fashion and children who have had not had sufficient outside interaction with precise language practice do not function properly when they are placed in a regular classroom. "Educators should not categorize these children as having language disabilities; rather they should recognize that a sociocultural factor has influenced the children's verbal performance and has pinpointed the area that must be addressed by oral language instruction in the classroom" (Ruiz, 2008, pg. 1). Knowledge about print is another area of interest in this particular category. This is particularly important because a child's reading abilities are derived from their knowledge of print and related areas. Knowledge of print begins before a child even begins school. At that time, they also start to learn how to associate letters with sounds (Ruiz, 2008). Background knowledge is another sociocultural influence on ELLs. ... anguage learners with limited English proficiency can do as well as more proficient students on reading comprehension tasks when they do prereading activities that activate and extend the background knowledge pertinent to the tasks" (Ruiz, 2008, pg. 1). The last sociocultural component that has been identified for ELLs is sense of story. "That is, an internal sense of the usual components of a story: setting, main character(s), problem, attempts to resolve the problem, character reactions to the attempts, and resolution" (Ruiz, 2008, pg. 1). Bilingualism and Home Language Use There is much controversy surrounding whether or not learning more than one language at a young age will confuse a child and hinder his or her progress and school. However, research shows that there are many benefits for bilingual children and the sooner they start utilizing a second language, the better. According to IRC (2008, pg. 1), "A large number of research studies show very clearly that bilingualism can increase children's language abilities and help their progress in school. However, for children to experience these beneficial effects of bilingualism, it is important that both their home and school languages continue to develop. Children who can read and write as well as speak two languages have a major advantage not just in school but also in finding jobs after school." The problem with bilingualism in schools occurs when children do not have a solid first-language foundation and then are not taught or encouraged to use their initial language (IRC, 2008). Parental and Community Resources for English Acquisition There are federal and state programs readily available to ELLs, but many individuals do not take advantage of them or do not know how to gain access to them. There are

Global and International Business Context Essay

Global and International Business Context - Essay Example It was worth $263.8bn in 2009 and is forecast to continue growing, albeit slowly (ibid, p.2). Europe is the largest market for wine, holding 80.5% of the market by value. The Asia-Pacific region, which includes Australia, is worth 6.9%. The main buyers are supermarkets and hypermarkets, taking 37.9% of the market volume (ibid, p.14). Entry to the market does not require a large company or major capital investment as high quality wines command premium prices (ibid, p.15) but Datamonitor assess the likelihood of new entrants as being weak with moderate competitive rivalry. The Australian wine market is fairly fragmented with the top three producers holding just under 50% of the market by volume (Datamonitor 2010b). It was worth $5,768.4mln in 2009 and is forecast to grow at approximately 2% per year, which is faster than the global wine market (ibid, p.2). The main provider of wine is Foster’s Group Limited, holding 20.8% market share by volume. Buyer power is more important in Australia as there are low switching costs to alternatives and an unusual concentration of food and beverage suppliers (ibid). For new entrants, there are barriers to entry: import duties, taxes and large distribution costs of imported wines (ibid). Competitive rivalry is considered moderate. Producers can use branding to strongly differentiate their products, providing a wide range. The primary distributors are specialist retailers, holding a share of 73.4% by volume in 2009 (ibid, p.23). For foreign producers, the options for entering the market include starting a new company or exporting. If exporting, there are a number of indirect taxes and duties that account for 50% of the value of the imports (ibid, pp.14-15) but if importing a premium brand, market entry can be achieved successfully by adding a large margin to account for the taxes. Datamonitor assess, however, that the likelihood of new entrants is